Environmental And European Airline Industry Analysis

Environmental And European Airline Industry Analysis History Ryanair has grown since 1985 with only 25 staff members and a single 15-seat turbo-prop commuter plane flying between Waterford and London. By 2001 there are more than 1500 employees working for Ryanair and more than 10 million passengers are carried to 56 cities in 13 European countries. Nowadays the company is named as the most popular airline on the web by Google and also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favourite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. Mission and Objectives Ryanair does not publish a formal vision or mission statement. Due to the increase of passengers, the company has re-launched as a no frills airline to meet the needs of travelling at the lowest price. It aims to expand its market share, and increase more routes and destinations. Therefore it can become the 1st largest airline and maintain the position in the industry. Reasons for success The reason of Ryanair success because it implements different marketing strategy to make the company survive in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market. For example, its no fills strategy. In order to position itself in the marketplace, Ryanair controls own its costs to offer the lowest fares possible and remain profitable. Chapter 2 Environmental European Airline Industry Analysis 2.1 The PESTEL Analysis The Political Factors The Europe Union (EU) has expanded in the past few years, and it will be a big factor affects the direction and strategy planning for Ryanair. And some countries give preferential treatment to companies from their own country, i.e., France government has the policy to support its own national carriers which affects the expansion of Ryanair. The Economic Factors The unstable fuel price is affecting the business. In the face of rising fuel, hedging on future buying of fuel to stable the cost as fuel is a major cost for every airline. Also, the depreciation of US dollars affects Ryanair because customers from United States will cut their orders as US dollars are depreciating. The Socio-cultural Factors The increasing travelling lifestyles become a factor to affect the business of Ryanair. Nowadays people are more enjoy a travelling lifestyle, i.e., graduation trips, backpack trips etc. They love to travel all around the world. Therefore, these people become the major customers for the company. The Technological Factors Technology is rapidly improving means the whole industry is changing, becoming more environmentally friendly and efficient. More effective infrastructure in the airports means that some airports can charge the airlines more for landing there. The Environmental Factors Under the new law, the airline industry has to be more environmentally friendly. Therefore the manufacturers, designers and airline companies have to combat this together to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and less harmful to the environment so its order to comply with EU regulations. The Legal Factors The whole industry is heavily regulated due to laws and they have to constantly adapt to new changes in the law, such as not allowing liquid on board. After 911, the tighten security measure has also affected the business, the government reinforce security, it increases costs, and forcing to push the airline ticket prices up. 2.2 The Five Forces Analysis Competitive Rivalry Ryanair has highly competitive rivalry because the large number of competitors and especially since the airline industry market is completely saturated. There are already many no frills airlines, i.e., easyJet, Monarch Airlines, and Air Berlin etc. If those companies decide to compete on the same basis as Ryanair, there will be a heavy pressure on prices and margins to Ryanair. Suppliers bargaining power The bargaining power of suppliers is high for Ryanair. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil. The costs from one supplier to the other are high because all mechanics and pilots would have to be retrained. Therefore, Boeing is the main suppliers of Ryanair. For those bigger airports where Ryanairs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. Ryanairs policy is tried to avoid these airports and focus on the regional airports. Buyers Bargaining Power The bargaining power of buyers is medium. As customers are price sensitive to choose Ryanair, they only choose for cheapness not quality. Therefore if the prices are increased or a competitor has a lower price then they will switch to another airline. Threat of New Entrants The threat of potential entrants is low because set up an airline is high capital investment and the risk is high. Also there are some barriers to entry, such as a lot of regulation and the pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is high because of the competition with buses, trains, cars and ferries. These can all substitute the low-cost airlines like Ryanair. 2.3 The Scenario Analysis According to the socio-cultural factors, the market is becoming more competitive because of having the emerging and developing countries, more people want flights therefore more airlines in order to accommodate this and it might decrease the profits in the market share. Furthermore, Ryanair is facing the increasing trade-union pressure in Europe. Some of the countries in Europe have formed a trade-union among each others, thus it gives the pressure for Ryanair to do business in these countries. Chapter 3 SWOT Analysis 3.1 Strengths Ryanair has developed a very well recognized brand name by leading low cost airline. It provides high seat density and high service performance: punctual, high rate of flight completion, low baggage loss, these give a good image of the companys reliability. Ryanair has first mover advantage in strong bargaining power in airport deals and reduces barriers to its entry into new markets and airports. Over 94% of all seats are sold online so the cost of distribution by using internet booking is lower than phone booking, also eliminates the need of travel agents. Furthermore, the single model of Boeing aircraft saves on training, maintenance and supervisory costs. 3.2 Weaknesses Ryanair is based on no frills strategy, it restricted expansion possibility. The long distances of its airport from city centers can become less attractive as markets mature. Over time customers may find this a big inconvenience. Besides, the morale of employee is low. The weakening employee relations are detrimental to success in any services industry. Other weakness of Ryanair is high turnaround would increase the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, therefore the costs will be increased. 3.3 Opportunities As the EU enlargement, there will be a lot of new destinations opened up and complete deregulation of airline industry in all EU markets. During any financial downturns, the new fleet could be leased out to undercut other sources and increase entrepreneurial activities will be a source for economy air travel. 3.4 Threats There are several threats on Ryanair. First, impending legislations for environment protection and customer compensations increase costs. Secondly, the increase in market share at the cost of network airlines could also increase airport service charges which are currently low. Then, traditional airlines are also cutting fares and costs which could affect the market share of Ryanair. Finally, additional fleets may require new terminals and secondary airports which mean Ryanair would need to bear higher cost. Chapter 4 Evaluations Recommendations 4.1 Evaluation There is a point-of-difference between Ryanair and larger airlines such as British Airways (BA). Ryanair is the Europes largest low-cost carrier and provide only basic-level service but BA is a high-class airline company which provides high perceived service, and they focus on difference position and target customers so it is quite difficult for larger airlines to imitate the strategy. More than that, Ryanairs no frill strategy is sustainable for identifying their target customers who are price-sensitive and wish to spend low price to fly safely. 4.2 Recommendations A low-cost image of Ryanair that has become its brand tag will be difficult to erase when it wishes to moves up the value chain, and the upper-middle class economy travellers may seek greater value proposition, not just for low fares. I suggest Ryanair add more routes to their already extensive network and plan for expanding operations into non-European markets in the near future. Furthermore, consolidation and integration would become necessary to grow further in maturing markets which could help Ryanair to offset pressure on its costs and fares. Reference Lists Case Study on Ryanair, the biggest low-cost European Airline (Jan, 2008) [online]Availablefrom [Accessed 21/07/10] Thomas M. Box (2005), RYANAIR (2005): SUCCESSFUL LOW COST LEADERSHIP, [online] Available from [Accessed 20/07/10] Yahoo Knowledge (2007), Assignment for strategic analysis, [online] Available from [Accessed 20/07/10]

Jai Ho

Assignment: Inverted Index October 19, 2012 1 Introduction Today, top search engines like Google and Yahoo use a data structure called Inverted Index for their matching of queries to the documents and give users the relevant documents according to their rank. Inverted Index is basically a mapping from a word to its position of occurence in the document. Since a word may appear more than once in the document, storing all the positions and the frequency of a word in the document gives an idea of relevance of this document for a particular word.If such an inverted index is build up for each document in the collection, then when a query is ? red, a search can be done for the query in these indexes and ranking is obtained according to the frequency. Mathematically, an inverted index for a document D and strings s1 , s2 , †¦ , sn is of the form s1 ? > a1 , a1 , †¦ 1 2 s2 ? > a2 , a2 , †¦ 1 2 . . . sn ? > an , an , †¦ 2 1 where ak denotes the lth position of k th word in the document D. l To build up this kind of data structure e? iently, Tries are used. Tries are a good data structure for strings as searching becomes very simple here with every leaf node describing one word. To build up an inverted index given a set of documents using trie, following steps are followed †¢ Traverse one document and insert words into a trie. As a leaf node is reached, assign it a number (in increasing order) representing its location in the index (staring from 0). Add the position of this word into the index. Now for a word which occur more than once in the document, when attempt for second insertion into the trie is made, a leaf node already containing that word would be found and its value would tell the location in the index. So simply go to this index and add another position for this word. †¢ Do this till end of document is reached. Now, you have a trie and an inverted index for the ? rst document. †¢ Repeat this procedure for the rest of the doc uments. 1 Now follow the below steps to search for a word from the inverted indexes and tries of all the documents †¢ For every document, ? st search for the word in the corresponding trie and get its location in the inverted index of that document. †¢ Then traverse through all the positions and see which document has most frequency and arrange the documents accordingly (in decreasing order). Also, in every document there are special words called â€Å"anchor texts† which have more importance than a normal text word. For example – a download link. So for the same word, its occurence as an anchor text increases the relevance of that document over its normal occurence. 2 Problem StatementFor this assignment, you need to create an inverted index for a collection C of documents from 1 to n. Every document will be a plain text ? le with ? rst line storing its id from 1 to n and next few lines containing space or new line separated words. The index should be an arr ay of lists with size of array equal to total number of distinct words in the array and the list for each word contains the locations of the word in the document. The trie used for this construction can be represented in any form (array/linked list/trees etc. ).So you would have n such tries and inverted indexes. Then you should ask user for the queries (single-word) and give the order of documents in decreasing order of relevance. For our case, the anchor texts are represented by following the word with a ?. So if you have something like – â€Å"Rats fear cats and cats* fear dogs. † then here 1st cat is a normal word whereas 2nd cat is an anchor text. So now your array size will be 2 ? totalnumberof distinctwords in the document as you would store positions of normal text and anchor text separately for a given word.And now relevance should ? rst be decided by the frequency of anchor texts and within them collision should be resolved by frequency of normal text. D1 D2 D3 1 it is what it is 2 what is it 3 it is a banana Below are the corresponding tries and inverted indexes for the 3 documents (? gure 1). 2 Figure 1: Trie and Inverted Index for Documents 1, 2 and 3 Now if query is â€Å"it† – then search in 1st index gives – 0, 3(f req = 2), 2nd index gives 2(f req = 1) and 3rd one gives 0(f req = 1).So, our output is – 1, 2, 3or1, 3, 2 (as document 2 and 3 have equal relevance). NOTE †¢ The names of the data ? les should be taken from command line. After 3 building the inverted index, you should ask for query again from command prompt and also give an option of quitting any time the user want. †¢ The inverted indexes should be written to ? les named as â€Å"1†¦ n. txt† with each line corresponding to one word in the document. †¢ You can ignore case-sensitive words i. e. , Cat and cat are same. †¢ Also ignore symbols in the text (if any) like . ,-? 4

Four basic models of the BGS relationship Essay

Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd is a commercial bank of Bangladesh. The Bank was established under the Bank Companies Act 1991 and incorporated as a public limited company under the Companies Act 1994 in Bangladesh with the primary objective to carry on all kinds of banking business in Bangladesh. It is one of the fast growing leading online banks in private sector. This is a descriptive report on Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. that mentions the activities of General Banking, On-line banking and corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the bank. The bank is established jointly by local Bangladeshi parties spearheaded by M Sahabuddin Ahmed (Founder & Chairman) and the Dutch company FMO. This report’s objective is to find out more information about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. I hope that my report on CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited would be a summarized view of CSR activities of Dutch-Bangla Bank. 1. INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† came in to common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR (currently a Draft International Standard). Figure 1: Where big corporations spending CSR resources The banking sector of Bangladesh has a long history of involvement in benevolent activities like donations to diï ¬â‚¬erent charitable organizations, to poor people and religious institutions, city beautification and improving art & culture, etc. In a natural calamity-prone area like Bangladesh, there remains an existing and  distinctive CSR agenda focused on the business contribution to tackling social crises in the aï ¬â‚¬ected area. Dutch Bangla Bank Limited as a responsible corporate body has been playing a pioneering role in implementing social and philanthropic programs to help disadvantaged people of the country. Education, healthcare, human resource development, conservation of nature, creation of social awareness, rehabilitation of distressed people and such other programs are some of the important areas where the bank carries out its social and philanthropic activities. In 2010 alone, DBBL donated BDT 340 million towards social causes. 2. Origin of the report: This report is prepared as a partial requirement of the course, Business Communication, assigned by my course instructor Nigar Sultana on â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited† submitted on 1th December, 2012. The recent activities of various kinds of business firms on CSR have inspire me to do this report on CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. Some recent CSR activities also influence me to do this report on CSR activity of DBBL. 3. Problem & Purpose: This report is divided into two objectives. Those are : Primary Objectives: The primary objectives are – > To find out more information about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited & new fields of their CSR. Secondary Objectives: > To develop skills of writing a formal report, techniques and principles as well. 4. Scope of the report: This report can be used by others as secondary information. The information of this report will be used for any other survey or making any other document. To find any new scope of CSR, anyone can take help from this report & its information. 5. Limitations of the report: I didn’t face any major limitations in this research. But, if I personally go DBBL’s head office, that will be more helpful for me. There is also some time pressure for making this report properly. Because of time limitations, I cannot collect my require information properly. 6. Findings: By investigate about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank; I’ve to know about their regular CSR activities. DBBL’s Corporate Social Responsibilities are- 1. In Education sectors, 2. In Health sectors, 3. In Social Welfare. 6.1 In Education DBBL is providing scholarships to students, especially for those who cannot continue their study due to financial constraint as well as to the meritorious and needy students every year since 2003. The bank awards around 300 new scholarships of Tk. 1,000 per month every year along with continuing scholarship for those studying at HSC level. The Graduation level scholarships of Tk. 2,000 per month are renewable for their entire academic period of graduation level. DBBL has decided to award financial support to SSC and HSC students this year. According to the official data revealed by Bangladesh Bank, DBBL spent more than Tk 172 million in various CSR activities in 2011. Dutch-Bangla Bank awarded scholarships to meritorious but needy students including physically disabled students who passed HSC Examination in 2010 and studying at graduate level. The Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL) also decided to donate Tk 9.73 crore to Dhaka University (DU) for establishing a research centre on the university campus. The DBBL Board of Directors in its 77th meeting decided to donate the money for constructing an 11-storey research centre ‘Dutch-Bangla Bank Centre for Advanced Research in Arts and Social Sciences Bhaban’ on the DU campus. The research centre, which would be the first of its kind in the country, will be supervised by renowned teachers, scholars and researchers. It will also  award scholarship to researchers and scholars at home and abroad. Some more information: # Handed over the Letter of Commitment for donating Tk. 9.73 crore to Dhaka University for constructing â€Å"Dutch-Bangla Bank Centre for Advanced Research in Arts & Social Sciences† on February 27, 2008. # Donated reference books to the library of diï ¬â‚¬erent educational institutions like BSMMU, Dhaka University etc. # Donated Tk. 15.00 lac for purchasing academic reference books for Dhaka University Central Library on June 8, 2006. 6.2 In Health DBBL is just not a bank, it also a producer of CSR. It has some contributions on health sectors of Bangladesh.DBBL do many CSR activities related public health such as they contributed to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) build a new auditorium and to by new equipments. Also donated an ambulance to Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU. Under the DBBL Smile-Brighter Program, Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited organized a 4 day-Iong plastic surgery operation, during September 06 to 09, 2006 in Faridpur for the poor cleft-lipped boys and girls at the bank’s own cost to bring back enduring smile on their faces. With generous financial support from the Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation (DBBF), ICDDR,B is setting up a world-class blood bank that will provide transfusion services to patients attending its Dhaka Hospital and others in need. Some more Information: # Cleft-lip problem is not only a health problem but it aï ¬â‚¬ects the whole family along with the victim. Since 2003 DBBL is working with these vulnerable groups under its Smile Brighter Program to bring back smile on their face and to enable them to start normal life. This is a continuous program aiming to perform as much operation possible per year. Total 5,000 poor cleft-lipped boys and girls have so far been successfully operated across the country till date. # The Board of Directors of DBBL handed over the Commitment Letter for the donation of BDT 11.476 million to Dr. M. A. Salam, Director of ICDDR,B at a simple ceremony held at the conference room of ICDDR,B on June 03, 2009. # DBBL launched a free treatment over the country in many Public hospital in every week to eradicate diseses from the  country. # They also launched HEALTH CARE INFORMATION seminar over the country in different times in the year to convey the information’s over the rural and uneducated people. # DBBL is also contributing for the HIV/AIDS patients including women and children. They managed the ARV(Anti-Retro-Viral) to them and treat them properly. # As a part of Corporate Social Responsibility, Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has donated an amount of Tk 2.02 crore to Diabetic Association this year. # DBBL donated generous amount of money to diï ¬â‚¬erent health organizations for medical instruments and medical infrastructural development such as operation theatres, laboratory, hospital building, etc. 6.3 In Social welfare Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has been playing a pioneering role in executing social and philanthropic programs since its inception to reduce the sufferings of the common man and helping the disadvantaged people of the country. In order to implement programs related to social cause with more dedication, Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation(DBBF) was established in 2001. A number of sectors are on the focus list of the bank. Education, health care, human resource development, conservation of nature, creation of social awareness, rehabilitation of destitute people and such other programs are some of the important areas where the Bank is carrying out its social and philanthropic activities. Dutch-Bangla Bank do huge amount of CSR for social welfare like, has donated a huge amount of money to EKMATTRA for establishing EKMATTRA-Dutch-Bangla Bank Academy to provide education as well as other facilities for underprivileged children of the country. Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has extended financial assist ance amounting to Tk. 18.5 lac to 17 NGOs engaged in rehabilitation of the disabled children of Bangladesh on June 05, 2006. Some more information: # For the development of the vulnerable segments of Bangladesh, DBBL assisted to rehabilitate the acid and dowry victim women by providing one-time financial assistance for establishing small scale agro-based rural economic enterprise to be self-reliant. # DBBL provides financial support for  rehabilitation of physically handicapped, mental impaired, visually impaired, hearing impaired, autistic and street children by ensuring education and vocational training. # DBBL runs mass awareness programs on diï ¬â‚¬erent burning issues through print and electronic media. Some remarkable issues are as follows: Save the Nation from curse of Dowry, Stop Acid violence, Prevent Drug Abuse, Tree plantation and preservation of environment, Right of disable children etc. # Financial support to ‘Nirapad Sharak Chai’ for helping the victims of road accident and mass campaign for prevention of traffic accident. # City beautification and preserving environment to develop an eco-friendly society for healthy human life. 6.4 Rewards: # Southern University Bangladesh (SUB) conferred Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) award on the Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) for its immense contribution to different fields in the society. # In 2007, the bank won the Bangladesh Business Awards for being the ‘Best Financial Institution’ mainly for its commitment to technology and community service. # The DBBL received an international award on CSR from Asian Institute of Management, Manila in the 3rd Annual Asian CSR Award ceremony. # Also granted numerous national and international awards for its role in the development of Bangladesh. 7. Recommendations: By knowing & analyzing regular CSR activities of Dutch-Bangla Bank, the bank can easily find out the new field or scope for their CSR activities. DBBL can increase their budget for CSR activity to increase their popularity & market share. They should give more attention for CSR in disaster relief. Because, their CSR on disaster relief is very helpful for the affected poor people. 8. Conclusion: While the Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited is a business enterprise, its Foundation, established in June 2001, is dedicated to working in social arenas with the greatest need, as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR). The Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation carries out diverse social and philanthropic  activities in the field of education, health, conservation of nature, social awareness, human rehabilitation, and other programs to reduce human suffering. The social commitment of the Dutch-Bangla Bank and the Foundation is clearly reflected in their Vision and Mission. 9. Appendix: Bangladesh Bank annual CSR report 2009 Bangladesh Bank annual CSR report 2010 World CSR survey Annual report of DBBL Documents from Dutch-Bangla bank limited. 10. Bibliography: www.dbbl.com www.wikipedia.com/dutchbanglabank www.ssupport.com www.google.com www.bangladeshbank.org Daily Newspapers

Values- Allport-Vernon Essays

Values- Allport-Vernon Essays Values- Allport-Vernon Essay Values- Allport-Vernon Essay Define Values. Critically evaluate â€Å"Allport-Vernon† classification of values. How values  affectthe business processes. Values represent basic convictions that â€Å"a specific mode of  conduct or end-state of  existence is personally or socially preferable to  an opposite or converse mode of conduct orend-state of existence† (Rokeach, 1973). When the values  are ranked in terms of  theirintensity, i. e. , when the value are prioritized in terms of their intensity, it is called valuesystem. Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (political,religious) values, social values, and aesthetic values. Values have both content and intensity  attributes. The content attribute signifies that amode of conduct or end-state of existence is  important. The intensity attribute specifieshow important it is. Ranking an individual’s values in terms of their intensity equals thatperson’s value system. Values build the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation of anindividual, since; value has a  great impact on perceptions. Values shape relationships,behaviors, and choices. The more positive our values, more positive  are people’s actions. Asignificant portion of the values an individual holds is established in the early years- fromparents, teachers, friends, and others. Allport-Vernon classification of values: 1. Theoretical: Interest in the discovery of truth through reasoning and  systematicthinking. 2. Economic: Interest in usefulness and practicality, including the  accumulation of wealth. 3. Aesthetic: Interest in beauty, form and  artistic harmony. 4. Social: Interest in people and human  relationships. 5. Political: Interest in gaining power and influencing other people. 6. Religious: Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as  a whole. Work behavior across cultures and  businesses In every culture, there are different sets  of attitudes and values which affect  behavior. Similarly, every individual has a set of attitudes and beliefs – filters through which he/sheviews management situations within organizational context. Managerial  beliefs, attitudesand values can affect organizations positively  or negatively. Managers portray trust andrespect in their employees in different  ways in different cultures. This is a  function of theirown cultural backgrounds. For example, managers from  specific culturestend to focusonly on the behavior that takes place at work, in contrast to managers from diffused  cultures who focus on wider range of behavior  including employees’ private and

Characters names in the Scarlet Letter essays

Characters names in the Scarlet Letter essays I believe that the characters names in The Scarlet Letter reveal the characters traits a great deal. The characters of Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl are the most dominant. Their names portray adjectives that are displayed as part of the characters personality. Roger Chillingworth is kind of a shady character in the novel. The chilling part of his name is displayed through his trickery towards Dimmesdale and how he is deceiving throughout the story. The uneven shoulders would be a scary trait that would relate back to chillingas well. The way he is described is scary enough and his name just adds to it. The name of Arthur Dimmesdale is another one. He is a handsome, unmarried pastor of Hesters church. Usually pastors are glorious people who always have a kind of light around them. However, Arthur is hiding something so his light is dimmed. Hes committed adultery and the more he tries to cover it up or confess his guilt, the more his followers begin to like him. It causes a lot of pain and guilt inside of him therefore representing the dimness of his character. The final and most prominent one is that of Pearl. Pearls are very rare jewels. The little girl in the novel is a rare child. She is the product of sin and yet she seems to be so beautiful. Everyone in the town talks about how shes so pretty but that shes the devil child. The names Nathaniel Hawthorne gave to the characters in the book I believe were directly related to how they acted. He wanted another clue to help get his point across to the reader. The characters personality reflect their names. ...

Reading commentary assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading commentary assignment - Essay Example At another level, the authors treatment of the contemporary issues of labor by conventional philosophy, and the rise of military-industrial intricate offer new insights by being clearly related to the periods of old capitalist vibrancy. On a closer analysis, it is particularly important to examine how Marx’s critiques had been anticipated in diverse ways by some of the founding fathers of economics, who were in the preference of a capitalist approach to economics; however, a critical and contemporary analysis for â€Å"A Critical Perspective† is not adequately critical especially when it comes to analyzing his arguments on Marxism and socialism, though their approach to â€Å"Economic Thought† is still appreciable given the fact that their analysis are based on range of disciplines related to Economics. (Hunt and Lautzenheise) In chapter nine, Hunt and Lautzenheiser looks critically into the contemporary subject of Marxism economics and how his arguments sought to define the modern economic viewpoints. He adopts a theoretical view point that advocates for a socialist system and differs with the capitalists on wide range of economic principles. These classical approaches to viewing economic institutions have been largely considered as pre-templates for industrial revolution. Though Marx by nature was a product of the Western economics, his contributions that combined classical German Economics and scientific technology brought to the fore a new force in viewing economic systems leading up to the Industrial Revolution. Hunt and Lautzenheiser re-affirms that the radical viewpoints as pioneered by Marx represent Marx’s interpretation of historical events and his due prediction of what was to be later a struggle between employees and management. At the same time, Hunt Lautzenheiser concurs that Marxism theories provided

Designing a Training Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Designing a Training Program - Research Paper Example Consequently, the overall attitude and dedication of the employees along with its integration with the core objectives of the business is also important in ensuring the overall succession of the unit (Aguinis & Kraiger, 2009). Correspondingly, in this particular research focused would be levied on developing a training program for a group of 20 employees for a particular organization. In this process planning has been undertaken for providing training to 20 employees of the business in order to mitigate the prevailing issues of the workplace, which is highly required to make employees efficient in terms of their skills, abilities and dedication towards the work that they execute within the workplace. In this regard, it can be affirmed that appropriate training will be important in order to increases the capability of the 20 employees of the business especially towards attaining better operational performance along with dealing with the dynamics of the external environment. . Moreover, it has also been ascertained that training program will significantly assist these employees to reboot their skills and knowledge regarding the necessary roles and responsibilities that they will require to have to comply wi th the implementation of a new technology within the workplace. Besides, it is also the current organizational culture of the business that encourages the workforce to acquire the diversified skill in their respective task, which can be steered using appropriate training program (Aguinis & Kraiger, 2009). The training session has been carried out for two days with a formal procedure, which is deemed to be sufficient in developing specialization of knowledge for the employees. In this context, it has also been ascertained that the training secession will help the employees to develop soft skills and enhance their learning in the area of production and other operational related aspects. Moreover, method of